This story by Paolo Zialcita appeared on CPR.org on September 13, 2021.
The origin of Fort Lewis College in Durango is a dark stain on American education, and the state of Colorado. The school’s own leaders have said as much.
Once a post-Civil War army post, the land was converted into a federal, off-reservation Native American Boarding School, which forced tribal students to abandon their cultural identities and adopt western culture. The campus was situated on ancestral land stolen from several Native American tribes. The assimilation process was often violent. And while there is no current evidence that Fort Lewis had a direct role in student deaths, mass unmarked graves of Indigenous children have been found at former boarding schools across the continent.
Forced assimilation continued at the school for 20 years, until the land was transferred to the state in 1911 to become a university. The deal was made on the grounds that Native American students would get free tuition.
Panels in the middle of Fort Lewis College’s campus, right underneath its iconic clock tower, are supposed to depict this history, but the version on display is incomplete. While they include its time as an Indian Boarding School, it portrays the time as peaceful and unproblematic. Photos show indigenous students participating in sports and the marching band.
“The school received high praise for its ‘extremely good literary instruction’ and its ‘excellent work’ in all industrial departments,” one panel said. But, according to the school’s own Center for Southwest Studies, all aspects of the students’ Native culture, “spoken, written, even gestured,” were strictly forbidden. Records show some students burned down barracks as an act of rebellion against the school.
Three panels depicting former Indian boarding school life, at the Clocktower on the Fort Lewis College campus, were removed on September 6, after the school’s History Committee found them to be “inaccurate and disrespectful.” FLC leaders say the boarding school sought to “disrupt the identity of thousands of children and erase Indigenous cultures and languages.”
These days, a third of the college’s population is Indigenous, with 170 tribal nations represented on campus. Indigenous students, activists and leaders have pointed out the panels’ whitewashing of history for years. Earlier this month, the pieces finally came down. In a ceremony attended by students, tribal leaders and university officials, Fort Lewis President Tom Stritikus described the college’s past as part of a “cultural genocide.”
While the ceremony mourned the college’s past, leaders described it as the beginning of a healing period.
“I think, as we move forward, we can do better,” Melvin J. Baker, Chairman of Southern Ute Indian Tribe said. “We can always be better tomorrow.”
Skyhawk Nation, a drumming group composed of Indigenous students, played music during the removal. First was a grieving song, which the group sang in the Ponca language to memorialize the students taken from their homes.
“It’s talking to Osages, it’s saying all you Osage, look at your children,” said Noah Shadlow, the group’s leader. “It’s not just look at them, it’s take care of their every need, watch over them, protect them from all harm.”
Shadlow and company followed that with a victory song and an inter-tribal song to celebrate the removal of the panels.
“I look at it as the day of a celebration, like correcting the record, I would say,” he said. “Making sure that we all know that this history is real and that it affected real people.”
The college says it hopes to continue its commitment to Indigenous students by accurately retelling its history and expanding its curriculum to reflect the diverse makeup of its students.
“We will have a student who will be working with those panels to tell the history of the boarding school in a more accurate way involving Native American students and non-Native American students,” Stritikus said. “We’ll continue to do curricular work. We’ve been recently supported by a large grant from the Andrew Mellon Foundation to build a curriculum around the boarding school, to do historical work around the issues related to boarding schools.”
Eventually, Fort Lewis will remove the remaining nine panels underneath the clocktower and display them at the Center for Southwest Studies. Fort Lewis’ History Committee hasn’t decided what to do with the space left behind, but members say they won’t move forward without student input.
“One thought is to create some panels, possibly with Indigenous artwork or additional information that we can provide for guests and visitors,” Bitsóí, a Navajo citizen, said.
Colorado as a whole has been taking steps to address the systemic oppression of Native Americans within the state. In August, Governor Jared Polis officially ended proclamations that incited the Sand Creek Massacre. But the state still has not made good on its promise to rename Mount Evans and other landmarks named after figures who used their power to oppress Native Americans.